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在西方国家,每年的十月三十一日,有个Halloween,辞典解释为“The eve of All Saints'Day”,中文译作:万圣节之夜。
关于万圣节,人们或多或少都有了一定的感性认知:知道万圣节期间,许多公共场所乃至居家院落,都会布置上很多装璜,诸如各式鬼怪呀、南瓜灯呀、还有黑猫以及巫婆的扫帚之类;孩子们会穿上每年不一样的万圣节服装,拎着南瓜灯的提篓去挨家挨户地讨糖,说是“trick or treak”。除此之外,你还想多知道一点吗?我们在此简单介绍一下万圣节的由来与习俗。
很多民族都在万圣节前夜有庆典聚会,这又被叫做“All Hallow E'en”、“The Eve of All Hallows”、“Hallow e'en”,或者“The eve of All Saintas'Day”。最终约定俗成演变成了“Halloween”,中文意译成了万圣节之夜。
三、“Trick or treat”的传说:
万圣节的一个有趣内容是“Trick or treat”,这习俗却并非源自爱尔兰,而是始于公元九世纪的欧洲基督教会。那时的11月2日,被基督徒们称为 “ALL SOULS DAY”(万灵之日)。在这一天,信徒们跋涉于僻壤乡间,挨村挨户乞讨用面粉及葡萄干制成的“灵魂之饼”。据说捐赠糕饼的人家都相信教会僧人的祈祷,期待由此得到上帝的佑护,让死去的亲人早日进入天堂。这种挨家乞讨的传统传至当今竟演变成了孩子们提着南瓜灯笼挨家讨糖吃的游戏。见面时,打扮成鬼精灵模样的孩子们千篇一律地都要发出“不请吃就捣乱”的威胁,而主人自然不敢怠慢,连声说“请吃!请吃!”同时把糖果放进孩子们随身携带的大口袋里。
另外还有南瓜雕空当灯笼的故事。这又是源于古代爱尔兰。故事是说一个名叫 JACK 的人,是个醉汉且爱恶作剧。一天 JACK 把恶魔骗上了树,随即在树桩上刻了个十字,恐吓恶魔令他不敢下来,然后 JACK 就与恶魔约法三章,让恶魔答应施法让 JACK 永远不会犯罪为条件让他下树。 JACK 死后,其灵魂却既不能上天又不能下地狱,于是他的亡灵只好靠一根小蜡烛照着指引他在天地之间倘佯。
格林威治村的萬聖節巡遊﹝Greenwich Village Halloween Parade﹞始於1973年,由一位面具工匠兼木偶演員Mr Ralph Lee發起,據說最初他帶著朋友和孩童一起在鄰居處遊行,後來漸漸演變成整個村的大型活動,而活動中當然少不了大型木偶表演,同時,巡行的目的更希望每一個人都是參與者而不是旁觀者,所以即使人們只是抱著想看熱鬧的心態,當你踏進村子裡,很快便會被邀請參與巡行,成為他們的一份子。
紐約市的萬聖節巡遊每年都吸引成千上萬的紐約人和遊客參加,而巡遊會在格林威治村﹝Greenwich Village﹞舉行,各隊伍約在夜晚上七時從第六大道與春天街交界﹝6th Avenue & Spring Street﹞起步,一直遊行至第二十三街﹝6th Avenue & 23rd Street﹞為止,全程大概個多小時。
萬聖節除了是大人喜愛的節慶外,也是小孩期待來臨的日子。在這天晚上,一些扮鬼臉穿鬼服的孩童便會提著用南瓜製成的燈籠,南瓜外刻上瞇眼睛和大嘴巴,透出內裡點點燭光,跟我們在中秋節時自製的柚子燈籠很相似。這群小鬼會玩著“Trick or treat”(不給糖便會搗蛋)這傳統惡作劇,四出到鄰家討糖吃,若果那一家沒有給他們糖果,頑皮小鬼就會賴著不走,並說些不祥的話語,所以沒有外出的人都會準備些糖果,讓小朋友高高興興的離去。
Next to Christmas, Halloween is the most commercialized celebration in the United States and Canada. This ancient festival originated far from North America however, and centuries before the first European set foot on the continent.
The ancient Druids 督伊德教(古代高卢人与不列颠人的一种宗教)的教徒 who inhabited what we now call Great Britain placed great importance on the passing of one season to the next, holding "Fire Festivals" which were celebrated for three days (two days on either side of the day itself).
One of these festivals was called Samhain (pronounced Sha-Von) and it took place on October 31 through to November 1. During this period, it was believed that the boundaries between our world and the world of the dead were weakened, allowing spirits of the recently dead to cross over and possess the living.
In order to make themselves and their homes less inviting to these wayward spirits, the ancient Celts(凯尔特人)would douse (插入水中, 把弄熄, 弄湿)all their fires. There was also a secondary purpose to this, after extinguishing all their fires, they would re-light them from a common source, the Druidic fire that was kept burning at Usinach, in the Middle of Ireland.
Samhain was considered to be a gateway not only from the land of the dead to the land of the living, but also between Summer and Fall/Winter. For the Druids, this was the last gasp (喘息, 气喘)of summer (it was also the Celtic New Year), so therefore they made sure it went out with a bang before they had to button down (把...弄清楚)for the winter ahead.
They would dress up in bizarre costumes and parade through their villages causing destruction in order to scare off any recently departed souls who might be prowling (巡游)for bodies to inhabit, in addition to burning animals and other offerings to the Druidic deities(神, 神性). It is also a popular belief that they would burn people who they believed to be possessed, but this has largely been debunked (揭穿, 拆穿假面具, 暴露)as myth.
This yearly festival was adopted by the Roman invaders, who helped to propagate (传播, 宣传)it throughout the rest of the world (and at that time, the Roman Empire was the world). The word "Halloween" itself actually comes from a contraction of All Hallows Eve, or All Saint's Day (November 1), which is a Catholic day of observance in honor of saints.
This tradition was later brought to the North American continent by Irish immigrants who were escaping the Potato Famine in their homeland. In addition to the festival itself, the immigrants brought several customs with them, including one of the symbols most commonly associated with Halloween -- the Jack 'O Lantern.
According to Irish folklore, there once lived a man named Jack who was known for being a drunk and a prankster(顽皮的人, 爱开玩笑的人). One night Jack tricked the devil into climbing a tree, and quickly carved an image of a cross on the trunk, trapping the devil. Jack then made him promise that, in exchange for letting him out of the tree, the Devil would never tempt him to sin again. He reluctantly agreed, but was able to exact his revenge upon Jack's death. Because of his mischievous ways in life, Jack was barred from entering heaven and because of his earlier trick, he was also barred from hell. So he was doomed to wander the earth until the end of time, with only a single ember(灰烬, 余烬) (carried in a hollowed out turnip.[植]芜箐, 芜箐甘蓝) to warm him and light his way.
In Ireland, they originally also used turnips for their "Jack Lanterns", but upon arriving in the new world, they discovered that pumpkins were abundant and easier to carve out.
Halloween(万圣节) was called Samhain by the Irish. Samhain took place
on October 31 through to November 1. During this period(时期), it was believed that the boundaries(分界线) between our world and the world of the dead were weakened(减少), allowing spirits(灵魂) of the recently dead to cross over(跨过) and possess(拥有) the living.
To celebrate the festival, the Irish would dress up in bizarre(奇异的) costumes and parade(游行) through their villages,causing destruction(破坏) and saying "Trick-or-Treat", in-groups scare(吓唬) off any recently departed(往昔的) souls who might be prowling(四处寻觅) for bodies to inhabit(居住于). Irish immigrants brought several customs with them, including one of the symbols(标志) most commonly associated with Halloween -- the "Jack Lantern". (灯笼)According to Irish folklore(传说), there once lived a man named Jack who was known for being a drunk and a prankster(爱恶作剧的人). One night Jack tricked(哄骗) the devils(魔鬼)sintosclimbing a tree, and quickly carved(刻) an image of a cross(十字架) on the trunk(树干), trapping(捉住) the devil. Jack then made him promise that, in exchange for letting him out of the tree, the Devil would never tempt(引诱) him to sin again. He reluctantly(勉强地) agreed, but was able to exact his revenge upon(报仇) Jack's death. Because of his mischievous(调皮的) ways in life, Jack was barred(被堵塞的) from entering heaven and because of his earlier trick, he was also barred from hell. So he was doomed(注定) to wander the earth until the end of time, with only a "Jack Lanterns" to warm him. 作者: cloudyyoung 时间: 2005-10-27 15:51 标题: 回复: 新兰万圣第一弹(万圣风情大家谈) 留用作者: cloudyyoung 时间: 2005-10-27 17:42 标题: 回复: 新兰万圣第一弹(万圣风情大家谈) 这个就是活动之一啊
鲜血淋漓啊[/quote]
%&219 水母的血是透明的,没效果……作者: Depth 时间: 2005-10-29 08:44 标题: 回复: 新兰万圣第一弹(万圣风情大家谈) [quote=MihaelKeehl]真的假的?我怎么没听过橙和黑是万圣的经典色..[/quote]
black and orange are seen everywhere during halloween.
orange symbolizes fall and the harvest, and black is the color of death and darkness.
the colors remind us that halloween was once a havest festival and a festival of the dead.