[2007.3.30][转贴][APTX青山病院]瓶装水与自来水 －－ 究竟哪个更好？

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Bottled Or Tap Water - Which Is Best?

Article Date: 28 Mar 2007 - 3:00 PDT

Although bottled water is perceived as a healthier, safer choice over tap water in consumer surveys, that is not necessarily always true, says sports nutritionist Cynthia Sass, R.D., C.S.S.D. In a presentation today at the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) 11th-annual Health & Fitness Summit & Exposition in Dallas, Texas, Sass outlined the basics of water consumption, comparing bottled and tap varieties.

"Twenty-five percent of all bottled water is actually repackaged tap water," said Sass. ""The more a consumer knows about the realities of bottled and tap water, the savvier they can be about selecting water based on costs, preferences and accessibility."

Is Bottled Best?

In a recent Gallop survey, most consumers indicated they drink bottled water based on their perception it is safer and purer than tap water. Taste was the second leading reason, while bottled water's convenience was also a factor.

Bottled water is considered a food, and thus regulated by Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Tap water is regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Both varieties are subject to testing for contaminants, although Sass points out there is no perfect system - both bottled and tap may contain contaminates such as bacteria, arsenic, lead or pesticides. Independent tests by groups such as the National Resources Defense Council have found:

-- Sixty to 70 percent of all bottled water in the United States is packaged and sold within the same state, which exempts it from FDA regulation. One in five states do not regulate that bottled water.

-- While most cities meet the standards for tap water, some tap water in the 19 U.S. cities tested was found to contain arsenic, lead, and pesticides.

-- In 1,000 bottles of 103 different brands of bottled water, 22 percent contained synthetic chemicals, bacteria and arsenic.

Most healthy adults can tolerate trace amounts of these contaminates if exposed, but Sass notes some people are more vulnerable and should be more aware of their water source. These people include cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, patients who are HIV+ positive or recovering from a transplant or major surgery, and pregnant women, children, and elderly adults.

For them especially, Sass recommends bottled water treated with reverse osmosis, municipal tap water with a filtering system certified by the National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) or distilled water. (Most packaging on certified filter devices bear the NSF seal.)

"Bottled" Facts
According to Sass, other selection criteria for consumers may include:

Cost: Bottled water can cost approximately $1 for a gallon jug, while tap water costs pennies on the dollar. Distilled water or water treated with reverse osmosis (water captured into vapor so that all solids are left behind and then recaptured into fluid) are purer and considered safe, but are also more expensive.

Packaging:
Marketing: Fitness and specialty waters do not contribute to an athletic advantage or edge. In fact, vitamin-fortified waters, which provide high daily-value percentages per cup, may pose a risk for oversupplementation. "Think of your one-a-day vitamin," says Sass. "Some of these waters are multi-vitamins in a bottle, so read the label and compare with the rest of your daily intake, including food."

"Bottled water doesn't deserve the nutritional halo that most people give it for being pure," she says. "If you're not an exclusive bottled water drinker, you may find it worthwhile to check into filtering your tap water to save money."

The Summit is presented this year with the National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM) as an educational partner.

The American College of Sports Medicine is the largest sports medicine and exercise science organization in the world. More than 20,000 International, National and Regional members are dedicated to promoting and integrating scientific research, education and practical applications of sports medicine and exercise science to maintain and enhance physical performance, fitness, health and quality of life.



Bottled Or Tap Water - Which Is Best?
瓶装水和自来水，哪个更好？

Article Date: 28 Mar 2007 - 3:00 PDT

Although bottled water is perceived as a healthier, safer choice over tap water in consumer surveys, that is not necessarily always true, says sports nutritionist Cynthia Sass, R.D., C.S.S.D.
尽管一项消费者调查显示瓶装水被认为在健康和安全方面优于自来水，但注册营养师、执业运动营养学专家Cynthia Sass认为这一结果并非完全正确。

In a presentation today at the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) 11th-annual Health & Fitness Summit & Exposition in Dallas, Texas, Sass outlined the basics of water consumption, comparing bottled and tap varieties.
今天，在得克萨斯州达拉斯市举办的美国运动医学会（ACSM）第11届年度健康与健身博览会的一个授予仪式上，Sass概要的描述了水消费的基本情况并比较了瓶装水和自来水之间的差别。

"Twenty-five percent of all bottled water is actually repackaged tap water," said Sass. ""The more a consumer knows about the realities of bottled and tap water, the savvier they can be about selecting water based on costs, preferences and accessibility."
“事实上，25％的瓶装水是自来水的重新包装，”Sass说，“如果消费者知道越多的瓶装水和自来水的真相，他们就越会懂得根据价格、各种参数以及可接受性来选择饮用水。”

Is Bottled Best?
瓶装水更好吗？

In a recent Gallop survey, most consumers indicated they drink bottled water based on their perception it is safer and purer than tap water. Taste was the second leading reason, while bottled water's convenience was also a factor.
在最近的一次Gallop的调查中，消费者喝瓶装水的首要原因是因为他们认为瓶装水比自来水安全、纯净。口味是居第二位的原因，同时瓶装水的方便性也是一个原因。

Bottled water is considered a food, and thus regulated by Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
瓶装水被认为属于食品范畴，因此归食品药品管理局（FDA）管理。

Tap water is regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
而自来水归美国环境保护署来管理(EPA)。

Both varieties are subject to testing for contaminants, although Sass points out there is no perfect system - both bottled and tap may contain contaminates such as bacteria, arsenic, lead or pesticides.
尽管Sass指出尚缺乏完美的测试系统，但各类饮用水都要进行污染物测试，瓶装水或自来水中可能含有的污染物包括细菌、砷、铅和杀虫剂。

Independent tests by groups such as the National Resources Defense Council have found:
国家资源保护委员会等机构的独立测试发现：

-- Sixty to 70 percent of all bottled water in the United States is packaged and sold within the same state, which exempts it from FDA regulation. One in five states do not regulate that bottled water.
－美国60-70％的瓶装水在同一个州包装并出售，可不受FDA管理。1/5的州没有对瓶装水进行管理

-- While most cities meet the standards for tap water, some tap water in the 19 U.S. cities tested was found to contain arsenic, lead, and pesticides.
－虽然大部分城市遵守了自来水标准，但在美国的19个城市的部分自来水检测中仍然被发现含有砷、铅和杀虫剂。

-- In 1,000 bottles of 103 different brands of bottled water, 22 percent contained synthetic chemicals, bacteria and arsenic.
－在103个品牌的1000瓶瓶装水中，有22％含有人工合成化学药物、细菌和砷。

Most healthy adults can tolerate trace amounts of these contaminates if exposed, but Sass notes some people are more vulnerable and should be more aware of their water source.
大部分健康的成年人暴露于这些痕量的污染物中能够耐受，但是Sass强调有些人群比较容易受到伤害，应该对他们的水源予以更多关注。

These people include cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, patients who are HIV+ positive or recovering from a transplant or major surgery, and pregnant women, children, and elderly adults.
这些人群包括接受化疗的癌症患者、HIV阳性患者、移植手术或大型手术术后恢复中的患者、以及孕妇、儿童和老年人。

For them especially, Sass recommends bottled water treated with reverse osmosis, municipal tap water with a filtering system certified by the National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) or distilled water. (Most packaging on certified filter devices bear the NSF seal.)
针对他们的特殊性，Sass推荐使用经过反渗透处理过的瓶装水、拥有通过国家卫生基金(NSF)认证的过滤系统的市政自来水或蒸馏水（大部分合乎标准的过滤装置的包装上都有NSF印章标志）。

"Bottled" Facts
According to Sass, other selection criteria for consumers may include:
“瓶装的”事实
据Sass介绍，对于消费者来说其他的选择标准应该包括：

Cost: Bottled water can cost approximately $1 for a gallon jug, while tap water costs pennies on the dollar. Distilled water or water treated with reverse osmosis (water captured into vapor so that all solids are left behind and then recaptured into fluid) are purer and considered safe, but are also more expensive.
花费：瓶装水大约每加仑1美元，而自来水仅需几美分。蒸馏水或者通过反渗透处理的水（首先使水转化为蒸汽以分离其中的固形物，然后再转化为水）更为纯净和安全，同时价格更为昂贵。

Packaging:
Marketing: Fitness and specialty waters do not contribute to an athletic advantage or edge. In fact, vitamin-fortified waters, which provide high daily-value percentages per cup, may pose a risk for oversupplementation. "Think of your one-a-day vitamin," says Sass. "Some of these waters are multi-vitamins in a bottle, so read the label and compare with the rest of your daily intake, including food."
包装：
市场：健身和专业饮用水无助于发挥运动的优点和优势。事实上，每日提供更多营养效价的维生素加强型饮用水可能因为超量补充营养而导致危险。“考虑一下你的one-a-day维生素片，”Sass说，“这些饮用水中的一些含有多种维生素，应该在使用前阅读标签并且与你其他的包括从食物中获得的每日摄入量相比较。”

"Bottled water doesn't deserve the nutritional halo that most people give it for being pure," she says. "If you're not an exclusive bottled water drinker, you may find it worthwhile to check into filtering your tap water to save money."
“瓶装水并不应该得到大多数人因为纯净而给予它的营养光环，”她说，“如果你不是一个专一的瓶装水饮用者，你应该发现通过过滤自来水来节约钱是非常划算的。”

The Summit is presented this year with the National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM) as an educational partner.

The American College of Sports Medicine is the largest sports medicine and exercise science organization in the world. More than 20,000 International, National and Regional members are dedicated to promoting and integrating scientific research, education and practical applications of sports medicine and exercise science to maintain and enhance physical performance, fitness, health and quality of life.
美国运动医学会是世界上最大的体育医学和运动科学组织。为了维持和提高身体素质、适应性、健康和生活质量，超过20000名国际、国内和地区成员献身于促进和整合体育医学和运动科学的研究、教学和实际应用的事业中。

编译：
瓶装水和自来水，哪个更好？
Article Date: 28 Mar 2007 - 3:00 PDT

尽管一项消费者调查显示瓶装水被认为在健康和安全方面优于自来水，但注册营养师、执业运动营养学专家Cynthia Sass认为这一结果并非完全正确。今天，在得克萨斯州达拉斯市举办的美国运动医学会（ACSM）第11届年度健康与健身博览会的一个授予仪式上，Sass概要的描述了水消费的基本情况并对瓶装水和自来水进行了比较。

“事实上，25％的瓶装水是自来水的重新包装，”Sass说，“如果消费者知道越多的瓶装水和自来水的真相，他们就越会懂得如何根据价格、参数以及口味来选择饮用水。”

瓶装水更好吗？

在最近的一次Gallop调查中，消费者饮用瓶装水的首要原因是他们认为瓶装水比自来水安全、纯净。口味是居第二位的原因，另外瓶装水的方便性也是一个因素。

瓶装水被认为属于食品范畴，因此归食品药品管理局（FDA）管理。而自来水归美国环境保护署(EPA)来管理。瓶装水或自来水中可能含有的污染物包括细菌、砷、铅和杀虫剂，尽管Sass指出尚缺乏完美的测试系统，但各类饮用水都要进行污染物测试。

国家资源保护委员会等机构的独立测试发现：

－美国60-70％的瓶装水在同一个州包装并出售时，可不受FDA管理。1/5的州没有对瓶装水进行管理。

－虽然美国大部分城市遵守了自来水标准，但在其中的19个城市的部分自来水检测中仍然发现含有砷、铅和杀虫剂。

－在103个品牌的1000瓶瓶装水中，有22％含有人工合成化学药物、细菌和砷。

大部分健康的成年人暴露于这些痕量的污染物中能够耐受，但是Sass强调有些人群比较容易受到伤害，应该对他们的饮用水予以更多关注。这些人群包括接受化疗的癌症患者、HIV阳性患者、移植手术或大型手术术后恢复中的患者、以及孕妇、儿童和老年人。

针对其特殊性，Sass推荐他们使用经过反渗透处理过的瓶装水、拥有通过国家卫生基金(NSF)认证过滤系统的市政自来水或蒸馏水（大部分合乎标准的过滤装置的包装上都有NSF印章标志）。

“瓶装的”事实
据Sass介绍，对于消费者来说其他的选择标准应该包括：

花费：瓶装水大约每加仑1美元，而自来水仅需几美分。蒸馏水或者通过反渗透处理的水（首先使水转化为蒸汽以分离其中的固形物，然后再转化为水）更为纯净和安全，同时价格更为昂贵。

包装：
市场：健身和专业饮用水无助于发挥运动的优点和优势。事实上，每日提供更多营养效价的维生素加强型饮用水可能因为超量补充营养而导致危险。“考虑一下你的one-a-day维生素片，”Sass说，“这些饮用水中的一些含有多种维生素，应该在使用前阅读标签并且与你其他的包括从食物中获得的每日摄入量相比较。”

“瓶装水并不应该得到大多数人因为纯净而给予它的营养光环，”她说，“如果你不是一个专一的瓶装水饮用者，你应该发现饮用过滤后的自来水是非常划算的。”

美国运动医学会是世界上最大的体育医学和运动科学组织。为了维持和提高身体素质、适应性、健康和生活质量，超过20000名国际、国内和地区成员献身于促进和整合体育医学和运动科学的研究、教学和实际应用的事业中。

bestword

其实中国人也应该注意这个问题