[2007.6.13][转贴][APTX青山病院]病人告诉医生，请与我握手

wangyuankai

[U]http://www.cbc.ca/health/story/2007/06/11/hand-shake-doctor.html[/U]
Please shake my hand, patients tell doctors
Most people want doctors to shake their hand and be greeted by first name when they first meet but the expectation is not always met, a new study suggests.

"The first few moments of a medical encounter are critical to establishing rapport, making the patient feel comfortable and setting the tone of the interview," Gregory Makoul and colleagues at Northwestern University's school of medicine in Chicago wrote in Monday's issue of the Archives of Internal Medicine.

Physicians and medical students are encouraged to shake hands, address the patient by name and introduce themselves, but there is little evidence on what type of greeting — first name, last name or both — is appropriate.

To find out, Makoul and his colleagues surveyed 415 adults in the U.S. between 2004 and 2005 to learn what patients expect and prefer, and then analyzed videotapes of 123 new patient visits to doctor's office to see what actually happens.

Of the patients surveyed:

78.1 per cent wanted physicians to shake their hand, while 18.1 per cent did not.
50.4 per cent wanted to be greeted with their first name, 17.3 per cent preferred
their last name and 23.6 per cent favoured the doctor using both first and last names.
56.4 per cent wanted physicians to introduce themselves using first and last names, 32.5 per cent expected physicians to use their last name, and 7.2 per cent would like physicians to use their first name only.
The videotapes showed handshakes 82.9 per cent of the time. In 62 visits — 50.4 per cent — doctors did not mention patients' names at all; in 48 cases — 39 per cent —patients' names were not mentioned by either party.

First, last names for respect
Doctors used their first and last names when introducing themselves 58.5 per cent of the time, and did not introduce themselves at all in 14 visits, or 11.4 per cent of cases.

"Physicians should be encouraged to shake hands with patients but remain sensitive to nonverbal cues that might indicate whether patients are open to this behaviour," the study's authors concluded.

"Given the diversity of opinion regarding the use of names, coupled with national patient safety recommendations concerning patient identification, we suggest that physicians initially use patients' first and last names and introduce themselves using their own first and last names."

The survey responses reinforced the importance of doctors introducing using their first and last names. For example, if Dr. Robert Franklin meets Jane Smith, he could say: "Jane Smith? Hi, I'm Bob Franklin."

Parallel strategy
Using this parallel strategy communicates respect and reciprocity, and the videotaped sample showed it was the form physicians were most comfortable with, the study's authors said.

In a previous study, patients often complained that the doctor did not introduce himself, or they were not sure whom they were seeing or what the physician's role was, such as a medical student or specialist.

"In sum, greetings create a first impression that may extend far beyond what is conventionally seen as 'bedside manner,'" the study said.

As for shaking hands, older patients were somewhat less likely to say they preferred the practice, the surveyed suggested.

"Of course, physicians should maintain safety and hygiene by washing their hands," the researchers said.


Please shake my hand, patients tell doctors
病人告诉医生，请与我握手
Most people want doctors to shake their hand and be greeted by first name when they first meet but the expectation is not always met, a new study suggests.
一项新的研究显示，大多数病人希望第一次和医生会面时能和医生握手并被用姓来问候，而这样的愿望总是得不到实现。
"The first few moments of a medical encounter are critical to establishing rapport, making the patient feel comfortable and setting the tone of the interview," Gregory Makoul and colleagues at Northwestern University's school of medicine in Chicago wrote in Monday's issue of the Archives of Internal Medicine.
“医患间会面的前几分钟对建立和谐的医患关系、让患者感到自在和在会面时主动开口至关重要，”芝加哥的西北大学医学院的Gregory Makoul及其同事在周日出版的内科档案中写道。
Physicians and medical students are encouraged to shake hands, address the patient by name and introduce themselves, but there is little evidence on what type of greeting — first name, last name or both — is appropriate.
鼓励医生和医学生们同病人握手、指名问候病人和做自我介绍，但少有证据表明怎么问候——问候名、姓或二者都要——才合适。
To find out, Makoul and his colleagues surveyed 415 adults in the U.S. between 2004 and 2005 to learn what patients expect and prefer, and then analyzed videotapes of 123 new patient visits to doctor's office to see what actually happens.
为了弄清这个问题，Makoul和同事们在2004-2005年调查了美国415名成年人发现了病人的所想和所愿，并对123名新病人就医实况录相进行了分析。
Of the patients surveyed:
78.1 per cent wanted physicians to shake their hand, while 18.1 per cent did not.
50.4 per cent wanted to be greeted with their first name, 17.3 per cent preferred
their last name and 23.6 per cent favoured the doctor using both first and last names.
56.4 per cent wanted physicians to introduce themselves using first and last names, 32.5 per cent expected physicians to use their last name, and 7.2 per cent would like physicians to use their first name only.
被调查的病人中：78.1%的人希望医生同他们握手，而18.1% 的人未做此表示。50.4 %的病人希望名用来问候，17.3 %的则希望用姓，23.6%喜欢医生用全名。 56.4%的病人希望医生用全名做自我介绍，32.5%则希望医生用姓，7.2%的喜欢医生用名。
The videotapes showed handshakes 82.9 per cent of the time. In 62 visits — 50.4 per cent — doctors did not mention patients' names at all; in 48 cases — 39 per cent —patients' names were not mentioned by either party.
录像显示82.9%的见面时握了手。在62次会面中（50.4%），医生根本没提病人的姓名；有48例（39%）病人的姓名在每次会面时都没被提到。
First, last names for respect
Doctors used their first and last names when introducing themselves 58.5 per cent of the time, and did not introduce themselves at all in 14 visits, or 11.4 per cent of cases.
姓名表示尊重
医生在58.5%的会面中用全名做自我介绍,在14次会面（或11.4%病例）中根本没做自我介绍。
"Physicians should be encouraged to shake hands with patients but remain sensitive to nonverbal cues that might indicate whether patients are open to this behaviour," the study's authors concluded.
“应当鼓励医生同病人握手但也要对非语言信号保持敏感，注意他们的举止是否让病人介意，”研究者总结说。
"Given the diversity of opinion regarding the use of names, coupled with national patient safety recommendations concerning patient identification, we suggest that physicians initially use patients' first and last names and introduce themselves using their own first and last names."
鉴于人们对姓名使用观点的多样性，还考虑到关于病人身份的安全问题，我们建议医生首先使用病人的全名并用全名做自我介绍。
The survey responses reinforced the importance of doctors introducing using their first and last names. For example, if Dr. Robert Franklin meets Jane Smith, he could say: "Jane Smith? Hi, I'm Bob Franklin."
调查反映了医生自我介绍时用全名的重要性的。例如，如果Robert Franklin见到了Jane Smith，他会说：“Jane Smith？嘿，我是Bob Franklin。”
Parallel strategy
Using this parallel strategy communicates respect and reciprocity, and the videotaped sample showed it was the form physicians were most comfortable with, the study's authors said.
平等策略
研究者说，使用平等策略来表达尊敬和交互性，并且录相显示它是让人感觉最舒服的一种形式。
In a previous study, patients often complained that the doctor did not introduce himself, or they were not sure whom they were seeing or what the physician's role was, such as a medical student or specialist.
在以前的研究中，病人经常抱怨医生不做自我介绍，或者他们不能确定给他们看病的人是谁或医生的身份，例如，是医学生还是医学专家。
"In sum, greetings create a first impression that may extend far beyond what is conventionally seen as 'bedside manner,'" the study said.
“总之，问候是建立也许能远远超出通常被认为是‘病床边的态度’的第一印象，”研究者如是说。
As for shaking hands, older patients were somewhat less likely to say they preferred the practice, the surveyed suggested.
调查者说，谈到握手，年老的病人不大可能喜欢。
"Of course, physicians should maintain safety and hygiene by washing their hands," the researchers said.
“当然，医生应当洗手以保持安全和卫生。” 研究者说。


编译：
病人告诉医生，请与我握手

一项新的研究显示，大多数病人希望第一次和医生会面时能和医生握手并被用姓来问候，而这样的愿望总是得不到实现。

“医患间会面的前几分钟对建立和谐的医患关系、让患者感到自在和在会面时主动开口至关重要，”芝加哥的西北大学医学院的Gregory Makoul及其同事在周日出版的内科档案中写道。

鼓励医生和医学生们同病人握手、指名问候病人和做自我介绍，但少有证据表明怎么问候——问候名、姓或二者都要——才合适。

为了弄清这个问题，Makoul和同事们在2004-2005年调查了美国415名成年人发现了病人的所想和所愿，并对123名新病人就医实况录相进行了分析。

被调查的病人中：78.1%的人希望医生同他们握手，而18.1% 的人未做此表示。50.4 %的病人希望用名来问候，17.3 %的则希望用姓，23.6%喜欢医生用全名。 56.4%的病人希望医生用全名做自我介绍，32.5%则希望医生用姓，7.2%的喜欢医生用名。录像显示82.9%的见面时握了手。在62次会面中（50.4%），医生根本没提病人的姓名；有48例（39%）病人的姓名在每次会面时都没被提到。

姓名表示尊重
医生在58.5%的会面中用全名做自我介绍,在14次会面（或11.4%病例）中根本没做自我介绍。
“应当鼓励医生同病人握手但也要对非语言信号保持敏感，注意他们的举止是否让病人介意，”研究者总结道。

鉴于人们对姓名使用观点的多样性，还考虑到关于病人身份的安全问题，我们建议医生首先使用病人的全名并用全名做自我介绍。调查反映了医生自我介绍时用全名的重要性的。例如，如果Robert Franklin见到了Jane Smith，他会说：“Jane Smith？嘿，我是Bob Franklin。”
平等策略
研究者说，使用平等策略来表达尊敬和交互性，并且录相显示它是让人感觉最舒服的一种形式。

在以前的研究中，病人经常抱怨医生不做自我介绍，或者他们不能确定给他们看病的人是谁或不明白医生的身份，例如，是医学生还是医学专家。

“总之，问候是建立也许能远远超出通常被认为是‘病床边的态度’的第一印象，”研究者如是说。

研究显示年老的病人可能不大喜欢握手。

“当然，医生应当洗手以保持安全和卫生。”调查者说，