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Study shows why exercise boosts brainpower
3/13/2007
By: Reuters Health
[U]http://www.auntminnie.com/index.asp?Sec=sup&Sub=mri&Pag=dis&ItemId=75028[/U]
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Exercise boosts brainpower by building new brain cells in a brain region linked with memory and memory loss, U.S. researchers reported on Monday.
Tests on mice showed they grew new brain cells in a brain region called the dentate gyrus, a part of the hippocampus that is known to be affected in the age-related memory decline that begins around age 30 for most humans.
The researchers used magnetic resonance imaging scans to help document the process in mice -- and then used MRIs to look at the brains of people before and after exercise.
They found the same patterns, which suggests that people also grow new brain cells when they exercise.
"No previous research has systematically examined the different regions of the hippocampus and identified which region is most affected by exercise," Dr. Scott Small, a neurologist at Columbia University Medical Center in New York who led the study, said in a statement.
Writing in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the researchers said they first tested mice.
Brain expert Fred Gage, of the Salk Institute in La Jolla, CA, had shown that exercise can cause the development of new brain cells in the mouse equivalent of the dentate gyrus.
The teams worked together to find a way to measure this using MRI, by tracking cerebral blood volume.
"Once these findings were established in mice, we were interested in determining how exercise affects the hippocampal cerebral blood volume maps of humans," they wrote.
They of course could not dissect the brains of people to see if new neurons grew, but they could use MRI to have a peek.
They recruited 11 healthy adults and made them undergo a three-month aerobic exercise regimen.
They did MRIs of their brains before and after. They also measured the fitness of each volunteer by measuring oxygen volume before and after the training program.
Exercise generated blood flow to the dentate gyrus of the people, and the more fit a person got, the more blood flow the MRI detected, the researchers found.
"The remarkable similarities between the exercise-induced cerebral blood volume changes in the hippocampal formation of mice and humans suggest that the effect is mediated by similar mechanisms," they wrote.
"Our next step is to identify the exercise regimen that is most beneficial to improve cognition and reduce normal memory loss, so that physicians may be able to prescribe specific types of exercise to improve memory," Small said.
Last Updated: 2007-03-13 9:01:19 -0400 (Reuters Health)
Study shows why exercise boosts brainpower
3/13/2007
研究显示锻炼如何提高脑功能
2007年3月13日
By: Reuters Health
作者： 路透社健康类稿件
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Exercise boosts brainpower by building new brain cells in a brain region linked with memory and memory loss, U.S. researchers reported on Monday.
路透社华盛顿消息——据美国的研究人员们星期一报道，锻炼能使脑部与记忆及记忆功能丧失相关的功能区域产生新的细胞，从而提高脑力。
Tests on mice showed they grew new brain cells in a brain region called the dentate gyrus, a part of the hippocampus that is known to be affected in the age-related memory decline that begins around age 30 for most humans.
在小鼠身上的试验表明，（锻炼后，）它们脑部一个被称作齿状回的区域产生了新的脑细胞，该区域是海马体的一部分。已知海马体能影响人类30岁以后随年龄增长而开始出现的记忆下降。
The researchers used magnetic resonance imaging scans to help document the process in mice -- and then used MRIs to look at the brains of people before and after exercise.
研究人员们使用了核磁共振成像扫描以帮助记录小鼠身上变化过程---然后用核磁共振成像扫描来观察锻炼前后的人脑情况。
They found the same patterns, which suggests that people also grow new brain cells when they exercise.
他们发现了同样的模式，这表明人们在锻炼时也能产生新的脑细胞。
"No previous research has systematically examined the different regions of the hippocampus and identified which region is most affected by exercise," Dr. Scott Small, a neurologist at Columbia University Medical Center in New York who led the study, said in a statement.
“此前没有研究对海马体的不同区域进行系统的检查，以鉴别哪一区域受运动的影响最大，”领导这项研究的Scott Smal在一项声明中称。他是纽约哥伦比亚大学医学中心的神经学专家。
Writing in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the researchers said they first tested mice.
研究者在美国国家科学院院刊上写文章称，他们起先是在小鼠身上进行试验的。
Brain expert Fred Gage, of the Salk Institute in La Jolla, CA, had shown that exercise can cause the development of new brain cells in the mouse equivalent of the dentate gyrus.
加州La Jolla市的Salk 研究院（Salk Institute）的脑科专家Fred Gage,已经表明锻炼可使小鼠身上相当于齿状回的地方生成新的脑细胞。
The teams worked together to find a way to measure this using MRI, by tracking cerebral blood volume.
这两个研究小组共同合作以找到一种方法，使用核磁共振成像来追踪大脑的血流量来对这种情况（指脑内生成新的脑细胞）进行测量。
"Once these findings were established in mice, we were interested in determining how exercise affects the hippocampal cerebral blood volume maps of humans," they wrote.
“在小鼠身上确认这些发现后，我们又对确定锻炼对人类大脑血流量分布图的影响产生了兴趣，”他们在文章中写道。
They of course could not dissect the brains of people to see if new neurons grew, but they could use MRI to have a peek.
他们当然不可能将人们的大脑切开来观察是否有新的神经元生长，但他们可以使用核磁共振成像来进行窥测。
They recruited 11 healthy adults and made them undergo a three-month aerobic exercise regimen.
他们招募了11名健康成人，并让他们接受一项为期3个月的有氧锻炼养生。
They did MRIs of their brains before and after. They also measured the fitness of each volunteer by measuring oxygen volume before and after the training program.
他们对受试者锻炼前后的大脑进行了核磁共振成像扫描。 他们还通对测定每位志愿者在训练前后的血氧含量对其健康状态进行了衡量。
Exercise generated blood flow to the dentate gyrus of the people, and the more fit a person got, the more blood flow the MRI detected, the researchers found.
研究人员们发现，锻炼使血流生成流到锻炼者的齿状回，一个人越健康，核磁共振成像检测到的血流越多。
"The remarkable similarities between the exercise-induced cerebral blood volume changes in the hippocampal formation of mice and humans suggest that the effect is mediated by similar mechanisms," they wrote.
“锻炼在人类及小鼠的海马体中引起的大脑血流量改变非常相似，揭示该作用是由相似的机理进行调节的，”他们写道。
"Our next step is to identify the exercise regimen that is most beneficial to improve cognition and reduce normal memory loss, so that physicians may be able to prescribe specific types of exercise to improve memory," Small said.
“我们的下一步是找到对改善认知和减轻通常的记忆衰退最有益的锻炼养生方法，以使医生们能为改善记忆而开出要求进行某些锻炼的处方，”Small说。
编译：
标题：研究显示锻炼能改善记忆
路透社华盛顿消息——据美国的研究人员们报道，锻炼能使脑部的记忆功能区域产生新的细胞，从而提高记忆力。
在小鼠身上的试验表明，锻炼后，它们脑部一个被称作齿状回的区域产生了新的脑细胞。该区域是海马体的一部分，人们已经知道人类30岁以后随年龄增长而开始出现的记忆下降与海马体有关。
研究人员们使用了核磁共振成像扫描以帮助记录锻炼前后小鼠大脑的变化---之后又用同样的方法来观察锻炼前后的人脑情况。
他们发现人们在锻炼时也能产生新的脑细胞。
纽约哥伦比亚大学医学中心和加州La Jolla市的Salk 研究院（Salk Institute）的两个研究小组共同合作以找到一种方法，使用核磁共振成像来追踪大脑的血流量来对这种情况（指脑内生成新的脑细胞）进行测量。
“在小鼠身上确认这些发现后，我们又对确定锻炼对人类大脑血流量分布图的影响产生了兴趣，”他们在文章中写道。
他们当然不可能将人们的大脑切开来观察是否有新的神经元生长，但他们可以使用核磁共振成像来进行窥测。
他们招募了11名健康成人，并让他们接受一项为期3个月的有氧锻炼养生。
他们对受试者锻炼前后的大脑进行了核磁共振成像扫描。 他们还通对测定每位志愿者在训练前后的血氧含量对其健康状态进行了衡量。
他们发现，锻炼使血流生成流到锻炼者的齿状回，一个人越健康，核磁共振成像检测到的血流越多。
研究人员们的下一步是找到对改善认知和减轻通常的记忆衰退最有益的锻炼养生方法，以使医生们能为改善记忆而开出要求进行某些锻炼的处方。 |
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发表于 2007-3-18 21:19:44
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