[2007.4.4][转贴][APTX青山病院]饮食结构和行为、社会地位等的关系

belmont

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=66258


Article Date: 03 Apr 2007 - 1:00 PDT

People purchase foods based on their income level, their belief in a food's health benefit and cost. However, ethnicity and gender also impact people's food choices, according to researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. The study, published in the March 7, 2007, advance online publication of the [I]European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, reports that food choice is also influenced by environmental factors, such as reliance on fast food, food advertising and food pricing, and on individual factors, such as taste, palatability, convenience and health benefits.

The study sample included 4,356 U.S. adults aged 20-65 years from two nationally-representative cross-sectional surveys conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)-the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals and the Diet and Health Knowledge Survey. The Johns Hopkins Center for Human Nutrition researchers examined diet quality indicators, such as the amount of energy, energy density, total fat and saturated fat in foods consumed by study participants. They also considered the quantity of fruits and vegetables, fiber, calcium and dairy products consumed and the overall quality of people's diet, which was assessed using two indices, including one recommended by the USDA. The key findings are as follows:

* There are considerable ethnic and gender differences in the association between socio-economic status, perceived barrier of food price, perceived benefit of diet quality and dietary intake.

* Income constraints on individuals and families can lead to a poorer quality diet. When buying food, African-Americans with lower incomes saw food price as more important than Whites with the same income level did.

* Caucasians of lower socio-economic status ate more fat and saturated fat. African-Americans showed no association between income level and fat intake.

* Among all study participants, and independent of income, the perceived barrier of food price appears to increase sodium intake while reducing fiber intake.

* Perceived benefit of diet quality was directly related to better nutritional behavior, including consuming foods less in saturated fat and eating more fiber, fruits and vegetables. Compared to men, women were more concerned about meeting food guidelines in order to improve their health.

* Women had lower energy, energy density, total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol and sodium intake than men. Yet, men had higher intake of fruits and vegetables, fiber, calcium and dairy products, particularly because they consumed more food.

"Low socio-economic status may cause a significant food-cost barrier, which in turn, reduces the quality of an individual's diet. Considering the growing obesity crisis, it is important to make healthy foods accessible to poor segments of the population and to empower them to eat a healthy diet by lowering the price of healthy foods and enhancing tailored nutrition education," said Youfa Wang, MD, PhD, co-author of the study and an assistant professor in the Bloomberg School of Public Health's Department of International Health. "Programs that promote positive attitudes towards the benefits of healthy diets can improve diet quality for both genders and all ethnicities."

"People's diets are affected by many factors. We examined some of those factors. Therefore, a large proportion of the association between income level and dietary intake could not be explained by the perceived barrier of food price or the perceived benefit of diet quality," added May A. Beydoun, coauthor of the study and a postdoctoral fellow in the Bloomberg School of Public Health's Department of International Health.

The study authors recommend additional studies aimed at uncovering the complex relationships between socio-economic status, nutritional knowledge, attitudes and perceptions and dietary behavior and food choices.






People purchase foods based on their income level, their belief in a food's health benefit and cost. However, ethnicity and gender also impact people's food choices, according to researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. The study, published in the March 7, 2007, advance online publication of the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, reports that food choice is also influenced by environmental factors, such as reliance on fast food, food advertising and food pricing, and on individual factors, such as taste, palatability, convenience and health benefits.
人们根据自己每天的食物摄入量，他们对于一个食品的健康程度和食品的价格来购买食品。但是，根据在公众健康协会的Johns Hopkins Bloomberg学校的研究显示，不同的民族和不同的性别也一样会影响到人们对于食品的选择。这个研究在2007年3月7日发表，比在线出版的，报道对于食物的选择，环境因素也起到作用，比如对于快餐的信赖，食物广告和食物价格，以及个人原因，比如个人的口味，风味，食品的方便程度和健康因素的欧洲临床营养期刊更早发表。


The study sample included 4,356 U.S. adults aged 20-65 years from two nationally-representative cross-sectional surveys conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)-the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals and the Diet and Health Knowledge Survey. The Johns Hopkins Center for Human Nutrition researchers examined diet quality indicators, such as the amount of energy, energy density, total fat and saturated fat in foods consumed by study participants. They also considered the quantity of fruits and vegetables, fiber, calcium and dairy products consumed and the overall quality of people's diet, which was assessed using two indices, including one recommended by the USDA. The key findings are as follows:
研究样本中包括了由美国农业部，个人食物摄入调查组和饮食健康调查组所调查的，具有全国代表性的从20岁到65岁的4356名美国成年人。隶属于John Hopkins中心的人类营养学部门成员研究了参与研究的人员所消费的食物，研究他们的饮食数据，比如其中的能量数据，能量含量度，脂肪总指标和饱和脂肪酸。同时研究小组也用两个指标，其中一个指标是美国农业部建议，测量了他们摄入的和过量的水果和蔬菜，纤维素，钙和奶制品。下面列出了几个最关键的研究结论：


* There are considerable ethnic and gender differences in the association between socio-economic status, perceived barrier of food price, perceived benefit of diet quality and dietary intake.
在来自不同人种和性别的人种，他们在社会经济状态，对于食物价格的认识差别，对于食品质量的了解反应和饮食摄入量都体现出不同。


* Income constraints on individuals and families can lead to a poorer quality diet. When buying food, African-Americans with lower incomes saw food price as more important than Whites with the same income level did.
家庭和个人的低收入可以导致不良的饮食质量。当购买食品的时候，低收入的美国黑人会比与之有同样收入等级的白人更把价格放到最重要的位置上。


* Caucasians of lower socio-economic status ate more fat and saturated fat. African-Americans showed no association between income level and fat intake.
社会经济地位较低的高加索人会摄入更多的脂肪和饱和脂肪酸。美国黑人在收入等级和脂肪摄入方面没有显示出联系。


* Among all study participants, and independent of income, the perceived barrier of food price appears to increase sodium intake while reducing fiber intake.
根据所有参与试验的参与者的数据，以及他们自己的收入，他们思想上对于食物价格高低的障碍显示出当他们减少纤维素的摄入时，增加了含钠食品的的摄入量。


* Perceived benefit of diet quality was directly related to better nutritional behavior, including consuming foods less in saturated fat and eating more fiber, fruits and vegetables. Compared to men, women were more concerned about meeting food guidelines in order to improve their health.
对于饮食品质的感知程度直接影响到了摄入营养平衡的质量好坏，包括消费含饱和脂肪酸少的食物并且摄入更多的纤维素，水果和蔬菜。与男性相比，女性更关心各种食物指导以此来保持她们的健康。


* Women had lower energy, energy density, total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol and sodium intake than men. Yet, men had higher intake of fruits and vegetables, fiber, calcium and dairy products, particularly because they consumed more food.
女性能量，能量密度，总脂肪，饱和脂肪酸，胆固醇和钠的摄入都少于男性。但是，男性比女性更多摄入水果和蔬菜，纤维素，钙和牛奶，这个原因尤其是，与他们每天消费的食物量比女性更多有关。


"Low socio-economic status may cause a significant food-cost barrier, which in turn, reduces the quality of an individual's diet. Considering the growing obesity crisis, it is important to make healthy foods accessible to poor segments of the population and to empower them to eat a healthy diet by lowering the price of healthy foods and enhancing tailored nutrition education," said Youfa Wang, MD, PhD, co-author of the study and an assistant professor in the Bloomberg School of Public Health's Department of International Health. "Programs that promote positive attitudes towards the benefits of healthy diets can improve diet quality for both genders and all ethnicities."


"低社会经济地位将导致严重的食品消费障碍，反过来就会降低一个人的饮食质量。鉴于肥胖问题的日益严重，将健康的食品提供给人口组成部分中的那些贫穷人口，同时允许他们购买那些经过降价的健康食品，再者增强对于这类人群的营养教育。"医学博士，实验工作参与者，国际健康组织Bloomberg学校公众健康部的助理教授王尤发(音译)说,"增强人们对于健康饮食所带来的积极影响的认识，可以提高所有性别和人种的饮食质量。"


"People's diets are affected by many factors. We examined some of those factors. Therefore, a large proportion of the association between income level and dietary intake could not be explained by the perceived barrier of food price or the perceived benefit of diet quality," added May A. Beydoun, coauthor of the study and a postdoctoral fellow in the Bloomberg School of Public Health's Department of International Health.
"许多因素影响人们的饮食。我们测试了一些因素。因此，收入水平和饮食摄入之间的关系有很大比例不能用对于食品价格思想障碍或者是对于饮食健康的认知程度来解释。"实验工作参与者，博士后，国际健康组织Bloomberg学校公众健康部得May A.补充说。


The study authors recommend additional studies aimed at uncovering the complex relationships between socio-economic status, nutritional knowledge, attitudes and perceptions and dietary behavior and food choices.
研究人员建议对于这个实验的额外研究，目标应该放在分离社会经济地位，营养方面的认知程度，认知和态度以及饮食习惯和食物选择方面。





编译全文：


人们根据自己每天的食物摄入量，他们对于一个食品的健康程度和食品的价格来购买食品。但是，根据在公众健康协会的Johns Hopkins Bloomberg学校的研究显示，不同的民族和不同的性别也一样会影响到人们对于食品的选择。这个研究在2007年3月7日发表，比在线出版的，报道对于食物的选择，环境因素也起到作用，比如对于快餐的信赖，食物广告和食物价格，以及个人原因，比如个人的口味，风味，食品的方便程度和健康因素的欧洲临床营养期刊更早发表。


研究样本中包括了由美国农业部，个人食物摄入调查组和饮食健康调查组所调查的，具有全国代表性的从20岁到65岁的4356名美国成年人。隶属于John Hopkins中心的人类营养学部门成员研究了参与研究的人员所消费的食物，研究他们的饮食数据，比如其中的能量数据，能量含量度，脂肪总指标和饱和脂肪酸。同时研究小组也用两个指标，其中一个指标是美国农业部建议，测量了他们摄入的和过量的水果和蔬菜，纤维素，钙和奶制品。下面列出了几个最关键的研究结论：


在来自不同人种和性别的人种，他们在社会经济状态，对于食物价格的认识差别，对于食品质量的了解反应和饮食摄入量都体现出不同。


家庭和个人的低收入可以导致不良的饮食质量。当购买食品的时候，低收入的美国黑人会比与之有同样收入等级的白人更把价格放到最重要的位置上。


社会经济地位较低的高加索人会摄入更多的脂肪和饱和脂肪酸。美国黑人在收入等级和脂肪摄入方面没有显示出联系。


根据所有参与试验的参与者的数据，以及他们自己的收入，他们思想上对于食物价格高低的障碍显示出当他们减少纤维素的摄入时，增加了含钠食品的的摄入量。


对于饮食品质的感知程度直接影响到了摄入营养平衡的质量好坏，包括消费含饱和脂肪酸少的食物并且摄入更多的纤维素，水果和蔬菜。与男性相比，女性更关心各种食物指导以此来保持她们的健康。


女性能量，能量密度，总脂肪，饱和脂肪酸，胆固醇和钠的摄入都少于男性。但是，男性比女性更多摄入水果和蔬菜，纤维素，钙和牛奶，这个原因尤其是，与他们每天消费的食物量比女性更多有关。


"低社会经济地位将导致严重的食品消费障碍，反过来就会降低一个人的饮食质量。鉴于肥胖问题的日益严重，将健康的食品提供给人口组成部分中的那些贫穷人口，同时允许他们购买那些经过降价的健康食品，再者增强对于这类人群的营养教育。"医学博士，实验工作参与者，国际健康组织Bloomberg学校公众健康部的助理教授王尤发(音译)说,"增强人们对于健康饮食所带来的积极影响的认识，可以提高所有性别和人种的饮食质量。"


"许多因素影响人们的饮食。我们测试了一些因素。因此，收入水平和饮食摄入之间的关系有很大比例不能用对于食品价格思想障碍或者是对于饮食健康的认知程度来解释。"实验工作参与者，博士后，国际健康组织Bloomberg学校公众健康部得May A.补充说。


研究人员建议对于这个实验的额外研究，目标应该放在分离社会经济地位，营养方面的认知程度，认知和态度以及饮食习惯和食物选择方面。

祭·奠

很不错的内容哦。。。》《

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